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Cross-section of an aluminium casting
Description
Solidification initiates on the mould walls because this is where the melt is coolest and because inhomogeneities promote nucleation. Selective growth then occurs, whereby the grains which have their easy growth direction parallel to the heat flow direction grow fastest, and cut off the paths of less well-aligned grains. This results in a 'columnar zone' which may extend to the centre of the casting but often gives way to an 'equiaxed zone'. The equiaxed grains may result from sedimentation from the free surface, from the detachment of dendrite tips, or simply from heterogeneous nucleation ahead of the advancing front (though the latter is only likely if deliberate 'melt inoculation' has been implemented).Subjects
alloy | aluminium | cast | casting | chill zone | columnar | equiaxed | metal | doitpoms | university of cambridge | micrograph | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataFORMGRIP closed cell aluminium foam
Description
Additions such as SiC are made to molten aluminium or aluminium alloy to modify the melt viscosity and make it suitable for foaming. 1 to 3 wt% of pre-oxidised titanium hydride is then added to the melt which is solidified to form a precursor which can be foamed in a controlled manner by a subsequent heat treatment. The resulting foam has a relatively fine and uniform cell structure.Subjects
alloy | aluminium | aluminium foam | cell | composite foam | composite material | foam | formgrip | metal | doitpoms | university of cambridge | micrograph | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataFOAMCARP closed cell aluminium foam
Description
Additions such as SiC are made to molten aluminium or aluminium alloy to modify the melt viscosity and make it suitable for foaming. Calcium carbonate is then added to the melt which is solidified to form a precursor which can be foamed in a controlled manner by a subsequent heat treatment. The resulting foam has a fine and relatively uniform cell structure.Subjects
alloy | aluminium | aluminium foam | cell | composite foam | composite material | foam | foamcarp | metal | doitpoms | university of cambridge | micrograph | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataSmall ceramic pot showing centimetre scale crystals within the glaze
Description
Careful heat treatment of the glaze produces a very small number of willemite (zinc orthosilicate, Zn2SiO4) nuclei which can grow to centimetre dimensions over the course of a few hours at a suitably high temperature. Cobalt in the glaze composition segregates preferentially to the willemite crystals, colouring them blue.Subjects
ceramic | crystalline glaze | devitrification | willemite | doitpoms | university of cambridge | micrograph | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataSmall ceramic pot showing centimetre scale crystals within the glaze
Description
Careful heat treatment of the glaze produces a very small number of willemite (zinc orthosilicate, Zn2SiO4) nuclei which can grow to centimetre dimensions over the course of a few hours at a suitably high temperature. Cobalt in the glaze composition segregates preferentially to the willemite crystals, colouring them blue.Subjects
ceramic | crystalline glaze | devitrification | willemite | doitpoms | university of cambridge | micrograph | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataNi-Superalloy, heat treated above gamma-prime solvus
Description
Micrograph shows a close up of the secondary γ' present within the centre of γ grains. This form of γ' grows with prolonged exposure to temperature and forms the blocky primary γ' found on the grain boundaries. View schematic diagram of γ' microstructureSubjects
nickel | doitpoms | university of cambridge | micrograph | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataNi-Superalloy, heat treated above gamma-prime solvus
Description
This micrograph shows a high magnification image of The morphology of γ' is discernible as grey 'blocky' precipitates, approximately 2μm in diameter. The small white particles present, due to their atomic contrast visible in back-scattered mode, are discernable as MC carbides. View schematic diagram of γ' microstructureSubjects
nickel | doitpoms | university of cambridge | micrograph | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataDescription
Macrograph of a resistance spot weld made in two plates of 1,5 mm thickness. T3 - solution heat treatment, cold working and natural ageing. AA2024-T3 RSW x40 Keller's reagent interferential contrast Base material characterised by elongated, plastically deformed grains. Presence of dendritic grains in the weld. The line on the left is the original plates separation line. The two short lines on the right (inside the weld) are solidification cracks.Subjects
aluminium | copper | doitpoms | university of cambridge | micrograph | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataBase metal microstructure of T6
Description
Micrograph of base metal. T6 - solution heat treated and artificially aged. AA6013-T6 BM x100 Keller's reagentSubjects
aluminium | magnesium | silicon | doitpoms | university of cambridge | micrograph | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataAnisotropic thermal conductivity in quartz: perpendicular to c-axis section
Description
A section of quartz cut perpendicular to the c-axis being heated from a point at its centre. A circle shows the thermal conductivity is the same in all directions in this plane. From TLP: Introduction to Anisotropy, http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/doitpoms/tlplib/anisotropy/thermal.phpSubjects
anisotropy | thermal | doitpoms | university of cambridge | video | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataAnisotropic thermal conductivity in quartz: parallel to c-axis section
Description
A section of quartz cut parallel to the c-axis being heated from a point at its centre. An ellipse shows that the thermal conductivity in this plane is direction-dependent. From TLP: Introduction to Anisotropy, http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/doitpoms/tlplib/anisotropy/thermal.phpSubjects
anisotropy | thermal | doitpoms | university of cambridge | video | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataJominy end quench test: transfer of a steel sample from furnace to water jet
Description
Video of the transferral of a steel specimen from furnace to water jet during a jominy end quench test. The steel is held in a furnace to austenitise the microstructure at around 900° C. It is then transferred to the quenching machine where a water jet is sprayed onto the bottom of the specimen until the specimen is cool. From TLP: The Jominy End Quench Test, http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/doitpoms/tlplib/jominy/index.phpSubjects
heat treatment | jominy end quench test | steel | doitpoms | university of cambridge | video | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataJominy end quench test: jet spraying of one end of the sample
Description
Close up a steel specimen undergoing quenching during the jominy end quench test. As the water jet sprays onto the end of the hot, glowing specimen, a cold dark region spreads up the specimen. The cold region has transformed from austenite to a mixture of martensite, ferrite and pearlite. From TLP: The Jominy End Quench Test, http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/doitpoms/tlplib/jominy/index.phpSubjects
heat treatment | jominy end quench test | steel | doitpoms | university of cambridge | video | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataComplete Jominy end quench test
Description
Full jominy end quench test: both the transfer of the sample from furnace to Jominy machine, and the jet spraying one end of the sample (contributed by Oxford Brookes University), From TLP: The Jominy End Quench Test, http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/doitpoms/tlplib/jominy/index.phpSubjects
heat treatment | jominy end quench test | steel | doitpoms | university of cambridge | video | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataStiffness-temperature relationship in rubber
Description
Video demonstrating that the stiffness of rubber is proportional to temperature. The rubber is extended under a fixed load, and contracts when heated due to the increased stiffness, and therefore reduced strain. From TLP: The Stiffness of Rubber, http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/doitpoms/stiffness-of-rubber/contraction2.phpSubjects
stiffness | polymer | rubber | elastomer | gough | joule | modulus | temperature | entropy spring | doitpoms | university of cambridge | video | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataPhase transition in superconductors
Description
The superconducting material heats up through its transition temperature. The field from the magnetic track begins to penetrate and the material ceases to levitate. From TLP: Superconductivity, http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/superconductivity/discovery.phpSubjects
superconductivity | critical temperature | doitpoms | university of cambridge | video | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataShape memory effect in a spring
Description
A spring is deformed. Upon heating it returns to its original shape. From the TLP Shape Memory Effect - "Training" of the TransformationSubjects
applications | shape memory effect | doitpoms | university of cambridge | video | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataChanges in microstructure of a shape memory alloy (CuAlNi single crystal)
Description
Changes in microstructure of a shape memory alloy being heat treated and also mechanically deformed. A CuAlNi single crystal (2H orthorhombic phase ) is compressed (vertical axis) at room temperature, causing activation of two sequential twinning deformations. As austenite, the crystal is cube-shaped, whereas in the martensite form it is sheared. Six different sheared martensite crystals, having well - defined prism shapes (three of which appear in this video), can be created by pressing on 3 different faces of the cube. It is essential that the loading arrangement allows lateral displacements to occur. From TLP: Microstructural Changes. Video was kindly donated by Vaclav Novak and Petr Sittner, Department of Functional Materials Institute of Physics of the ASCR, Prague, Czech RepublicSubjects
microstructure | shape memory alloy | deformation | doitpoms | university of cambridge | video | corematerials | ukoer | Engineering | H000License
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See all metadataDescription
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See all metadataTheatre of Cruelties - Lecture 9: Nobility and Violence
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See all metadataTheatre of Cruelties - Lecture 8: The Massacre of St Bartholomew - and its Aftermath
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See all metadataTheatre of Cruelties - Lecture 7: The French Monarchy tries to put things right - and fails
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See all metadataTheatre of Cruelties - Lecture 4: The Years of Crisis, 1559-1562
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See all metadataTheatre of Cruelties - Lecture 3: Geneva and the French Reformation
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See all metadataTheatre of Cruelties - Lecture 2: Containing the French Reformation
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